人的异化之症与诊治之方——弗洛姆异化理论述评

在弗洛姆看来，人的生产性潜能发挥出人的本质，异化是对人的生产性本能的否定。异化具有深刻的人性根源和社会根源，它导致了人的精神生活的空虚和人性的枯竭。他认为，可以从制度和精神等方面对异化之症进行救治，他开出了人道主义的社会主义以及爱与集体艺术的诊治药方。弗洛姆的异化的理论内容深刻、别具特色，试图继承和发展马克思的异化理论，但带有着明显的人本主义色彩。     

谈谈纪实性文学作品的掺假问题

散文通讯等纪实性作品本不应出现虚假内容,然而散文名家周同宾的<那些天,吃饭不要钱>中失真的描写竟达10处之多.究其原因,既有社会转型期浮躁心态的流露和经济利益的驱使,又有作家自身国学功底浅薄的必然亮相和文风不端正的恣意泄泻.对此,应当采取内外结合,上下互动,表里兼治的方略始能矫治和匡正.     

齐泽克：穿透意识形态幻象

主体只有被阉割、分裂,方能进入能指秩序。主体的阉割是不完全的,总会有残余,这些残余作为创伤性的原质进入能指秩序,会形成能指秩序的不一致和空缺。意识形态幻象就是用来修饰、填补能指秩序的空缺,隐藏其非一致性,赋予社会以整合的意义。这种功能是通过能指、移情、认同等运作环节来完成的。从结构主义精神分析学的角度出发,齐泽克认为意识形态批判的主要任务,就是要穿透幻象,揭示意识形态的运作机制,通过征兆性解读,洞察意识形态的本质。     

Why People Believe They Were Exposed to Biological or Chemical Warfare: A Survey of Gulf War Veterans

The study sought to understand better how people come to believe they have been exposed to biological and chemical warfare. We conducted telephone interviews with 1,009 American veterans (65% response rate) deployed and not deployed to the Gulf War, a conflict during which there were credible threats that such warfare could be used. Only 6% of non-Gulf War veterans reported exposure to biological or chemical warfare, but most of Gulf War veterans reported exposure (64%). The majority of these were unsure whether the exposure was chemical or biological in nature. The most commonly reported exposure indicators were receiving an alert from the military and having physical symptoms. Veterans who were certain of the type of exposure (biological or chemical) were more likely to recall having been told by the military and to recall physical symptoms. Future communications with soldiers and the general public about biological and chemical warfare may need to emphasize the uncertain nature of such risk information. Evaluations of exposure diagnostic technologies should take into account the problem of people initially believing, but not later discounting, false positive results.     

空袭综合征及其预防

空袭综合征是现代战争中必然产生的心理现象,对战争胜负具有重大影响。它是一定的生理病症和心理病症的结构性反应。其预防措施主要是制订现代空防战略,建立强大的空军;加强人民防空设施;构筑强有力的军民心理防御机制等。     

“优秀学生心理综合症”透视

目前我国大学生的心理状况不佳 ,心理健康状况已成为影响大学生成才的重要因素 ,“品学兼优”的学生心理疾患同样严重。作者分析了“优秀学生心理综合症”的种种表现 ,呼吁重视对优秀学生也要加强心理健康教育 ,确保人才的培养质量     

Direct and Indirect Effects of Interparental Relationship Quality on Child Behavior Problems in Low-Income,Black, Single-Mother Families

ABSTRACT

Evidence of direct and indirect effects of interparental relationship quality and parental contexts on child behavior problems is well established. However, limited literature exists about these associations in low-income, Black families in which the parents are not married. Informed by the risk and resilience theoretical perspective, this study hypothesized that disharmonious interparental relations would predict greater preschool child behavior problems directly and indirectly through maternal parenting factors and father contact. Economic difficulties and low maternal education would exacerbate these problems. This study included 2,115 Black, single mothers from Waves 1–3 of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study data sets. Using structural equation modeling, a strong model fit indicated that our hypotheses were supported. Discussion includes policy and practice implications related to the Healthy Marriage Initiative.     

Anger Expression Mode,Depressive Symptoms,Hopelessness, and Decision Coping among African American Adolescents

This study examined the relationship between anger expression mode, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and decision coping patterns among a non-clinical community sample of 276 low-income African American adolescents (mean age = 14.47). Participants were students in sixth through tenth grades enrolled in health and wellness classes in two public schools in West Tennessee. They were asked to complete a battery of instruments including the Anger Style Inventory, Children's Depression Inventory, Hopelessness Scale for Children, and Flinders Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire. Findings indicate a significant association between anger expression mode, depressive symptomatology, hopelessness, and decision coping pattern among study participants. Gender and screening positive for depressive symptoms predicted participant's anger response mode. Using multiple assessment scales may provide useful information toward preventing the onset of clinically significant emotional disorders among adolescents.     

A joint model of binary and longitudinal data with non-ignorable missingness,with application to marital stress and late-life major depression in women

Understanding how long-term marital stress affects major depressive disorder (MDD) in older women has clinical implications for the treatment of women at risk. In this paper, we consider the problem of predicting MDD in older women (mean age 60) from a marital stress scale administered four times during the preceding 20-year period, with a greater dropout by women experiencing marital stress or MDD. To analyze these data, we propose a Bayesian joint model consisting of: (1) a linear mixed effects model for the longitudinal measurements, (2) a generalized linear model for the binary primary endpoint, and (3) a shared parameter model for the missing data mechanism. Our analysis indicates that MDD in older women is significantly associated with higher levels of prior marital stress and increasing marital stress over time, although there is a generally decreasing trend in marital stress. This is the first study to propose a joint model for incompletely observed longitudinal measurements, a binary primary endpoint, and non-ignorable missing data; a comparison shows that the joint model yields better predictive accuracy than a two-stage model. These findings suggest that women who experience marital stress in mid-life need treatment to help prevent late-life MDD, which has serious consequences for older persons.     

The Body Comes to Family Therapy: Utilising Research to Formulate Treatment Interventions with Somatising Children and their Families

Children and adolescents with functional somatic symptoms are challenging to understand and to treat. The challenges begin at the very outset of the intervention – with the neurological and psychiatric assessments. Patients presenting with functional somatic symptoms, as well as their families, frequently deny any emotional or family problem, and parents are often genuinely baffled as to why a child has suddenly become so ill and why no medical explanation is forthcoming. Families can be unwilling to engage in family assessment and therapy, and therapists may find that standard approaches to family therapy simply can end up alienating these families – the door to therapy is slammed shut. This article is the story of my struggle to understand somatising children and their families and to find a common language to enable us to co‐construct formulations, to agree to a treatment plan, and to work together towards a pathway to health. It is also about the role of research and how knowledge from different system levels – and most specifically about the body – may need to be integrated into the therapy to help bring about change.